QuickCushion

Dr Hauschka Natural Cosmetics

2006-10-25T11:10:00.000-07:00

Dr hauschka the Natural Cosmetics brand provide a huge range of Organic Cosmetics and Natural Cosmetics available online.

China, Urban socialist changes

2005-03-30T14:12:00.000-08:00

Mao combined this massive transformation of the agricultural sector with a call for the “socialist transformation” of industry and commerce, in which the government would become, in effect, the major partner. In Chinese Communist fashion, this change was not simply decreed from above. Rather, extreme pressures were put on private merchants and capitalists in late

Race, Immigration and the racial worldview

2005-03-29T01:51:00.000-08:00

In the 1860s, when Chinese labourers immigrated to the United States to build the Central Pacific Railroad, a new population with both physical and cultural differences had to be accommodated within the racial worldview. While industrial employers were eager to get this new and cheap labour, the ordinary white public was stirred to anger by the presence of this “yellow

Xenophon

2005-03-29T00:21:00.000-08:00

Greek historian, author of the Anabasis. Its prose was highly regarded by literary critics in antiquity and had strong influence on Latin literature.

Deep-sea Trench

2005-03-28T10:54:00.000-08:00

Trenches generally lie seaward of and parallel to adjacent island arcs or mountain ranges

Dissociation

2005-03-27T19:53:00.000-08:00

In chemistry, the breaking up of a compound into simpler constituents that are usually capable of recombining under other conditions. In electrolytic, or ionic, dissociation, the addition of a solvent or of energy in the form of heat causes molecules or crystals of the substance to break up into ions (electrically charged particles). Most dissociating substances

Puffin

2005-03-27T18:30:00.000-08:00

Also called Bottlenose, or Sea Parrot, any of three species of diving birds that belong to the auk family, Alcidae (order Charadriiformes). They are distinguished by their large, brightly coloured, triangular beaks. Puffins nest in large colonies on seaside and island cliffs, usually laying only one egg, in a burrow dug one or two metres (three to six feet) deep. Hatched in about six weeks,

Silhouette

2005-03-26T19:12:00.000-08:00

An image or design in a single hue and tone, most usually the popular 18th- and 19th-century cut or painted profile portraits done in black on white or the reverse. Silhouette also is any outline or sharp shadow of an object. The word was satirically derived from the name of the parsimonious mid-18th-century French finance minister Étienne de Silhouette, whose hobby was the

Babylonian Talmud

2005-03-26T18:51:00.000-08:00

Also called Talmud Bavli one of two compilations of Jewish religious teachings and commentary that was transmitted orally for centuries prior to its compilation by Jewish scholars in Babylon about the 5th century AD. The other such compilation, produced in Palestine, is called the Palestinian Talmud, or Talmud Yerushalmi. See Talmud.

Armenian Chant

2005-03-26T04:50:00.000-08:00

Vocal music of the Armenian Apostolic Church and the religious poetry that serves as its texts. Armenia was Christianized quite early by missionaries from Syria and Greek-speaking areas of the eastern Mediterranean and accepted Christianity as the state religion about AD 300. The development of a distinctive Armenian liturgy was influenced by various factors. Toward

Stage Design, Classical theatrical costume

2005-03-24T15:37:00.000-08:00

Theatrical costumes were an innovation of Thespis, in Greece in the 6th century BC, and theatrical costumes are still called “the robes of Thespis.” Athenians spent lavishly on the production and costumes at the annual drama contests since each poet was given a wealthy citizen, the choregos, who, encouraged by the honour of a separate state impresario's prize, tended to make

Waterford

2005-03-23T18:26:00.000-08:00

Town (township), New London county, southeastern Connecticut, U.S., on Long Island Sound just west of the city of New London. The area, settled about 1653, was separated from New London and incorporated as a town in 1801. Drained by the Thames and Niantic rivers, it has a name descriptive of local fordable shallows. Early industries included paper mills and a granite quarry, which was

Albany

2005-03-23T06:46:00.000-08:00

County, east-central New York state, U.S., bordered by the Mohawk River to the northeast and the Hudson River to the east. The terrain rises from the Hudson valley lowlands in the east to the Helderberg Mountains in the centre of the county; Alcove Reservoir is in the south. Parklands include Thompson's Lake and John Boyd Thacher state parks. Timber in the western half of

Tarasco

2005-03-22T21:21:00.000-08:00

Also called Tarascan Indian people of northern Michoacán state in central Mexico. The area in which the Tarasco live is one of high volcanic plateaus and lakes; the climate is arid and cool. The Tarascan people are undergoing a slow process of assimilation into the mainstream mestizo culture of Mexico, but there are still people primarily monolingual in the Tarascan language and culturally

Mashonaland

2005-03-22T13:02:00.000-08:00

Mashonaland consists largely of the northeastern part of Zimbabwe's Middle Veld, a wide plateau lying at an

Sabah, Sheikh Jabir Al-ahmad Al-jabir As-

2005-03-21T04:54:00.000-08:00

Sheikh Jabir was the third son of Sheikh Ahmad al-Jabir as-Sabah, who ruled Kuwait from 1921 to 1950. Beginning in the late 1940s he held a number of important public positions, including ministries in the government overseeing financial and economic affairs. When Iraq claimed sovereignty over newly independent

Ambrym

2005-03-20T06:09:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Ambrim, island of Vanuatu, southwestern Pacific Ocean. It has an area of 257 sq mi (665 sq km) and is known for its two active volcanoes: Mt. Marum, 4,167 ft (1,270 m), which last erupted in 1973; and Mt. Benbow, 3,720 ft, which had major eruptions in 1894, 1913, 1929, 1942, 1950, 1972 and 1973. The 1950 eruption was serious enough to warrant the evacuation of several hundred persons for resettlement on Éfaté. The island produces copra. Pop. (1979) 6,311.

Leonard, Sugar Ray

2005-03-20T02:48:00.000-08:00

By his mid-teens Leonard proved adept at boxing, and, as an amateur, he won 145 of 150 bouts and garnered two National Golden Glove

Childhood Disease And Disorder, Respiratory disorders

2005-03-19T00:57:00.000-08:00

Tonsillitis (acute infection of the tonsils) is more properly considered a part of the acute-pharyngitis (throat-inflammation) syndrome. Enlargement

Heterotrich

2005-03-18T07:09:00.000-08:00

Any member of the ciliated protozoan order Heterotrichida. Complete ciliation is typical, although there is a tendency toward loss of the cilia, which are minute, hairlike processes, in several families (Peritromidae, Licnophoridae). Heterotrichs are considered the most primitive of the subclass Spirotrichia because of their uniform ciliation.

Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire

2005-03-18T06:09:00.000-08:00

The fire started on the eighth floor of the Asch Building just east of Washington Square Park and quickly spread upward to the two top floors of the building. Some workers, having no way of opening the doors that

I-n-salah

2005-03-17T11:34:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Aïn Salah, oasis town, central Algeria, on the southern edge of the arid Tademaït Plateau. At the crossing of ancient trans-Saharan caravan routes, it was once an important trade link between northern and central Africa but has declined in modern times owing to high transportation costs and the exodus of workers to the developing gas fields 60 miles (100 km) southwest. Mainly visited

Caesalpiniaceae

2005-03-17T07:09:00.000-08:00

Family of trees, shrubs, and rarely herbs, of the pea order (Fabales), comprising many tropical species. The largest genus within the family, Cassia, especially abundant in the Western Hemisphere, contains 500 or more species. The compound leaves are once or twice pinnate (i.e., the leaflets themselves may be simple or compound). The fruit is usually a legume or pod.

Gadamer, Hans-georg

2005-03-17T03:29:00.000-08:00

German philosopher (b. Feb. 11, 1900, Marburg, Ger.—d. March 14, 2002, Heidelberg, Ger.), was a principal figure in 20th-century philosophical hermeneutics. His conception of language as a historical phenomenon had great influence in postmodernist and poststructuralist thought. Gadamer studied philosophy in Breslau (now Wroclaw, Pol.), Munich, and Marburg, where he completed a doctorate (1922) on

Reformation

2005-03-16T19:47:00.000-08:00

The world of the late medieval Catholic Church

Permafrost, Patterned ground

2005-03-16T15:48:00.000-08:00

Intense seasonal frost action, repeated freezing and thawing throughout the year, produces small-scale patterned ground. Repetitive freezing and thawing tends to stir and sort granular sediments, thus forming circles, stone nets, and polygons a few centimetres to 6 metres in diameter. The coarse cobbles and boulders form the outside of the ring and the finer sediments

Arts, Central Asian, The Himalayan peoples

2005-03-15T07:32:00.000-08:00

This region, including Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, and Sikkim (which was annexed to India in 1975), occupies an important middle ground between India and China, and its central position is reflected in the local music cultures. Of utmost importance for musical life was the introduction of Buddhism from India via Turkistan, beginning in the 7th century AD. Music became an integral part

Quilon

2005-03-15T06:12:00.000-08:00

Town, administrative headquarters of Quilon district, southern Kerala state, southwestern India. Quilon has existed for many centuries and was called Elancon by early travellers, Kaulam Mall by the Arabs, and Coilum by the 13th-century Venetian traveller Marco Polo. Its location made it commercially important; the first Europeans there were the Portuguese, followed

Game

2005-03-13T16:56:00.000-08:00

A universal form of recreation generally including any activity engaged in for diversion or amusement and often establishing a situation that involves a contest or rivalry. Card games are the games most commonly played by adults. Children's games include a wide variety of amusements and pastimes primarily for children. See also card game; children's game.

Alembert, Jean Le Rond D'

2005-03-13T08:35:00.000-08:00

The main editions of d'Alembert's collected works are: Oeuvres philosophiques, historiques et littéraires de d'Alembert, ed. by J.F. Bastien, 18 vol. (1805); and Oeuvres complètes de d'Alembert, ed. by Bossange and Belin, 5 vol. (1821, reprinted 1967). These may be supplemented by d'Alembert's Mélanges de littérature, d'histoire et de philosophie, 2 vol. (1753), 4 vol. (1759), 5th vol. (1767), which contain a few pieces omitted from the collected editions; and his Histoire des membres de l'Académie française morts depuis 1700 jusqu'en 1771, 6 vol. (1785–87, reprinted 1970). General studies are: Joseph Bertrand, D'Alembert (1889); and Ronald Grimsley, Jean d'Alembert, 1717–83 (1963).

Astoria

2005-03-13T08:19:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1844) of Clatsop county, northwestern Oregon, U.S., on the south bank of the Columbia River (there bridged to Megler, Washington) near its mouth on the Pacific Ocean. It is near the site of Oregon's first military establishment, Fort Clatsop, built by the Lewis and Clark Expedition, which wintered there (1805–06); the reconstructed fort, 4.5 miles (7.5 km) southwest, is a national memorial.

Yü Ta-fu

2005-03-12T16:07:00.000-08:00

Yü Ta-fu received his higher education in Japan, where he met other young Chinese writers, with whom he founded the Creation Society (Ch'ang-tsao

Avestan Language

2005-03-12T13:20:00.000-08:00

Also called (incorrectly) Zend Language, eastern Iranian language of the Avesta, the sacred book of Zoroastrianism. Avestan falls into two strata, the older being that of the Gathas, which reflects a linguistic stage (dating from c. 600 BC) close to that of Vedic Sanskrit in India. The greater part of the Avesta is written in a more recent form of the language and shows gradual simplification and variation in grammatical

China, Foreign relations

2005-03-12T09:41:00.000-08:00

The Manchu inherited the tributary system of foreign relations from previous dynasties. This system assumed that China was culturally and materially superior to all other nations, and it required those who wished to trade and deal with China to come as vassals to the emperor, who was the ruler of “all under Heaven.” The tributary system was used by the Ch'ing Board of

Alaya-vijñana

2005-03-11T17:45:00.000-08:00

(Sanskrit: “store of consciousness”), key concept of the Vijñanavada (“Consciousness-affirming”) school of the Mahayana Buddhist tradition. Since that school maintains that no external reality exists, while retaining the position that knowledge, and therefore a knowable, exists, it assumes that knowledge itself is the object of consciousness. It therefore postulates a

Romans, Letter Of Paul To The

2005-03-11T06:15:00.000-08:00

The longest and doctrinally most significant of St. Paul the Apostle's New Testament writings, probably composed at Corinth in about AD 57; it was addressed to the Christian Church at Rome, whose congregation Paul hoped to visit for the first time on his way to Spain. The letter has been intensely studied since early Christian times and was the basis of Martin Luther's teaching

Arts, Islamic, Architecture

2005-03-09T11:10:00.000-08:00

The Mamluks created a monumental setting for Syria and Egypt that lasted until the 20th century. It was at its most remarkable in architecture, and nearly 3,000 major monuments have been preserved or are known from texts in cities from the Euphrates to Cairo. No new architectural types came into being, although many more urban commercial buildings and private houses have

Pien-tsung-lun

2005-03-09T05:09:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Bianzonglun (Chinese: “Discussions of Essentials”), treatise by Hsieh Ling-yun, an early Chinese Buddhist intellectual, valued chiefly as one of the few sources of information about the author's eminent teacher, Tao-sheng (d. 434). According to Tao-sheng, enlightenment is a sudden and all-encompassing experience, rather than a gradual process as described by his contemporaries. This assertion,

Fabriano

2005-03-09T01:11:00.000-08:00

Town, Ancona province, in Marche (The Marches) region, central Italy. The town was the home of a minor school of painting founded in the late 14th century by Allegretto Nuzi and Gentile da Fabriano; frescoes by the former decorate the local cathedral. A Romanesque-Gothic mayoral palace (1255) and a municipal art gallery are other notable buildings. The town was severely damaged

Alaya-vijñana

2005-03-08T23:05:00.000-08:00

United Nations (UN) specialized agency, founded at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944 to secure international monetary cooperation, to stabilize currency exchange rates, and to expand international liquidity (access to hard currencies).

Van Dyke, Henry

2005-03-08T07:51:00.000-08:00

Educated at Princeton, Van Dyke graduated from its theological seminary in 1877 and became a Presbyterian minister. His early works, “The Story of the Other Wise Man” (1896) and “The First Christmas Tree” (1897), were first read aloud to his congregation in New York

Thomas, Lowell (jackson)

2005-03-08T01:10:00.000-08:00

Thomas attended Valparaiso (Ind.) University (B.Sc., 1911), the University of Denver (B.A., M.A., 1912), and Princeton University (M.A., 1916). During his early 20s he worked as a war correspondent

Kaministiquia River

2005-03-07T02:53:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Kaministikwia, river, western Ontario, Can. It rises in Dog Lake and, after a crooked course of 60 miles (95 km), empties into Thunder Bay, an arm of Lake Superior. It has many rapids and cataracts, notably the wide Kakabeka Falls (154 feet [47 m] high), site of a major hydroelectric station. The river divides into three channels as it enters Thunder Bay, providing deepwater shipping docks at the city of Thunder

Arts, Central Asian, Siberian tribes

2005-03-06T21:01:00.000-08:00

In the virtually contemporary metalwork of Siberian nomads, single animals of the cat family, such as panthers, carry the Altaic tendency of exaggeration further by twisting their bodies into a circle. In slightly later Siberian plaques, subtle openwork is used, a feature rarely present in Altaic or Scythian objects but frequently encountered in the more rounded

Bearbaiting

2005-03-06T09:34:00.000-08:00

In England many large groups of bears were kept expressly for the purpose. Contemporary records reveal, for example, that 13 bears were provided

Robert Ii

2005-03-06T08:33:00.000-08:00

On the death (1326) of his father, Walter the Steward, in 1326, Robert became seventh hereditary steward of Scotland at age 10. From 1318 he

Mahavastu

2005-03-06T03:28:00.000-08:00

(Sanskrit: “Great Story”), important legendary life of the Buddha, produced as a late canonical work by the Mahasanghika school of early Buddhism and presented as a historical introduction to the vinaya, the section of the canon dealing with monastic discipline. Its three sections treat the Buddha's former lives, the events from his entering the womb of Queen Maha Maya to his

Taraori, Battles Of

2005-03-04T16:49:00.000-08:00

Muhammad had taken Lahore from the last of the

Ataulphus

2005-03-04T14:28:00.000-08:00

In 412 Ataulphus led the Visigoths, who had recently sacked Rome (410), from Italy to settle in southern Gaul. Two years later he married the Roman princess Galla Placidia (sister of the emperor Honorius), who had been seized at Rome. Driven from Gaul, he retreated into Spain early

Armory Show

2005-03-03T03:45:00.000-08:00

Formally International Exhibition of Modern Art an exhibition of painting and sculpture held from Feb. 17 to March 15, 1913, at the Sixty-ninth Regiment Armory in New York City. The show, a decisive event in the development of American art, was originally conceived by its organizers, the Association of American Painters and Sculptors, as a selection of representational works exclusively by American artists, members both of

Solar Calendar

2005-03-03T01:04:00.000-08:00

Any dating system based on the seasonal year of approximately 365 1/4 days, the time it takes the Earth to revolve once around the Sun. The Egyptians appear to have been the first to develop a solar calendar, using as a fixed point the annual sunrise reappearance of the Dog Star—Sirius, or Sothis—in the eastern sky, which coincided with the annual flooding of the Nile River. They

Pereira, Irene Rice

2005-03-02T21:41:00.000-08:00

Irene Rice moved a number of times with her family before they settled in Brooklyn, New York City. After exploring other careers, from 1927 to 1930 she studied at the Art Students League in New York. In 1929 she married commercial artist Humberto Pereira,

Carloman

2005-03-02T09:56:00.000-08:00

Second son of Louis II and king of France or the West Franks (882–884). On Louis II's death (879) Carloman was associated with his brother Louis III as king of the West Franks, but both, as the children of a first marriage that had been unacceptable to their grandfather Charles the Bald, had difficulty in obtaining recognition. On Louis's death (882) Carloman became sole ruler. He died while

Aeschylus, Works

2005-03-02T05:54:00.000-08:00

Persai (472 BC; Persians); Hepta epi Thebais (467 BC; Seven Against Thebes); Hiketides (c. 463 BC; Latin trans., Supplices; Eng. trans., Suppliants); the trilogy known as the Oresteia (458 BC), comprising Agamemnon, Choephoroi (Libation Bearers), and Eumenides; Prometheus desmotes (date uncertain, probably late; Prometheus Bound).

Wiesbaden

2005-03-02T02:57:00.000-08:00

City, capital (1946) of Hessen Land (state), southern Germany. It is situated on the right (east) bank of the Rhine River at the southern foot of the Taunus Mountains, west of Frankfurt am Main and north of Mainz. The settlement was known as a spa (Aquae Mattiacae) in Roman times. Its earthen fortifications (12 BC) were replaced by stone in AD 83, and a Roman wall (of which traces remain) was built about

Holarctic Region

2005-02-28T11:43:00.000-08:00

One of the six major land areas of the world defined on the basis of its characteristic animal life. It is part of the Megagaean realm; it encompasses all the nontropical parts of Europe and Asia, Africa north of the Sahara, and North America south to the Mexican desert region. This vast region is often subdivided into the Palaearctic (Old World) and Nearctic (New World)

Rachmaninoff, Sergey

2005-02-28T04:40:00.000-08:00

After the Russian Revolution of 1917, Rachmaninoff went into his second self-imposed exile, dividing his time between residences in Switzerland and the United States. Although for the next 25 years he spent most of his time in an English-speaking country, he never mastered its language or thoroughly acclimatized himself. With his family and a small circle of friends, he

France, History Of, The end of Gaul (c. 400c. 500)

2005-02-27T09:46:00.000-08:00

From 395 the division of the Roman Empire between an eastern and a western half caused acute internal political stresses that encouraged barbarian penetration of the Danube region and even Italy. The Rhine frontier was again neglected, and the seat of the Gallic prefecture was moved to Arelate. The result was Germanic invasion and civil war. By 418, Franks and Burgundians

Action Painting

2005-02-26T16:55:00.000-08:00

Direct, instinctual, and highly dynamic kind of art that involves the spontaneous application of vigorous, sweeping brushstrokes and the chance effects of dripping and spilling paint onto the canvas. The term was coined by the American art critic Harold Rosenberg to characterize the work of a group of American Abstract Expressionists (see Abstract

Auburn

2005-02-26T03:54:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1805) of Cayuga county, west-central New York, U.S. It lies at the north end of Owasco Lake, in the Finger Lakes region, 22 miles (35 km) southwest of Syracuse. Founded in 1793 by John Hardenbergh, an officer in the American Revolution, on the site of a Cayuga Indian village called Wasco, it was first known as Hardenbergh's Corners. It developed around Auburn State Prison (established

Caldecott, Randolph

2005-02-26T00:19:00.000-08:00

While a bank clerk at Whitchurch, Shropshire, and at Manchester, Caldecott began drawing for local magazines. Through his acquaintance with George Du Maurier he began contributing to

Haldimand, Sir Frederick

2005-02-25T23:05:00.000-08:00

Haldimand entered British service in 1756 as a lieutenant colonel in the Royal American Regiment. He served in Sir Jeffrey Amherst's expedition (1760) against Montreal during the Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France, then stayed there as second in command

Nord-norge

2005-02-25T13:41:00.000-08:00

English Northern Norway geographic region of Norway. It reaches from Nordland about 575 miles (925 km) northward to the North Cape (Nordkapp), the northernmost point in Europe. It includes the fylker (counties) of Nordland, Troms, and Finnmark. An arm of the Gulf Stream, the North Atlantic Current, which flows past its coast, provides a relatively mild maritime climate. Commonly known as the “Land of the Midnight

'imad Ad-dawlah

2005-02-24T17:02:00.000-08:00

One of the founders of the Buyid dynasty of Iran. 'Ali and his brothers Ahmad and Hasan were followers of Mardaviz ebn Zeyar of northern Iran. In 934 'Ali revolted against local Zeyarid rulers and conquered Fars province in southern Iran. He made Shiraz his capital, ruling there until his death. After Ahmad established control over the 'Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad

Albany

2005-02-23T19:57:00.000-08:00

Southernmost town and seaport of Western Australia. It lies on the northern shore of Princess Royal Harbour, King George Sound. The naturally broad, deep, sheltered harbour was visited and charted by George Vancouver in 1791. In 1826 the first European settlement in the state, a penal colony called Frederickstown (after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany), was established

Aerospace Industry, Maintenance

2005-02-23T07:13:00.000-08:00

The maintenance support provided by aerospace-industry firms is applied primarily to corporate, commercial, and military aircraft. Light-plane maintenance is generally handled by local fixed-base operators, which are not considered part of the aerospace industrial complex. Launch vehicles and unmanned spacecraft, although maintained throughout their prelaunch

East Detroit

2005-02-23T02:29:00.000-08:00

City, Macomb county, Michigan, U.S., 10 miles (16 km) north-northeast of Detroit. It is primarily a residential suburb of Detroit but does have such commerce as truck and poultry farming, as well as light manufacturing. First settled in 1837, it was on the military road (now Gratiot Avenue) connecting Fort Wayne (Detroit) with Fort Gratiot (Port Huron). Equidistant between Detroit and Mount

Graebner, Fritz

2005-02-22T07:24:00.000-08:00

While a research assistant at the Royal Museum

Amphibian

2005-02-21T13:21:00.000-08:00

Overviews of amphibians and their natural history may be found in the following works: Fernand Angel, Vie et moeurs des amphibiens (1947), a popular account; Doris M. Cochran, Living Amphibians of the World (1961, reissued 1972), a lively and beautifully illustrated popular account; Hans Gadow, Amphibia and Reptiles (1901, reprinted 1968), a classic work, old but still worth reading; Robert Mertens, The World of Amphibians and Reptiles (1960; originally published in French, 1939), a beautifully written and illustrated popular book; Robert L. Carroll, Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution (1988), which contains a comprehensive treatment of fossil amphibians; David M. Green and Stanley K. Sessions (eds.), Amphibian Cytogenetics and Evolution (1991), on the chromosomal and molecular evolution in amphibians; William E. Duellman and Linda Trueb, Biology of Amphibians (1986, reissued 1994), a comprehensive treatment of the group; Martin E. Feder and Warren W. Burggren, Environmental Physiology of the Amphibians (1992), a thorough compendium of amphibian physiology; George R. Zug, Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (1993), a college-level textbook; G. Kingsley Noble, The Biology of the Amphibia (1931, reprinted 1954), the classic English work on amphibians; Darrel R. Frost (ed.), Amphibian Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (1985), which includes a complete list of the species recognized taxonomically through 1985; and Linda Trueb and R. Cloutier, “A Phylogenetic Investigation of the Inter- and Intrarelationships of the Lissamphibia (Amphibia: Temnospondyli),” in Hans-Peter Schultze and Linda Trueb (eds.), Origins of the Higher Groups of Tetrapods (1991), a thorough analysis of the relationships of the living orders of amphibians. James A. Peters, Dictionary of Herpetology (1964), is a useful guide, especially for nonspecialists, to understanding the technical terms used by herpetologists.

Omaha

2005-02-20T19:11:00.000-08:00

City, Nebraska, U.S., the port of entry and seat of Douglas county. Omaha is situated in the eastern part of the state and on the west bank of the Missouri River, opposite Council Bluffs, Iowa. It was founded in 1854 in an area that had been visited by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark (1804) on their exploratory journey to the Pacific coast and where the pioneer fur trader Manuel Lisa

Peranakan

2005-02-20T06:50:00.000-08:00

Until

West Liberty State College

2005-02-19T19:35:00.000-08:00

Public, coeducational institution of higher learning in West Liberty, West Virginia, U.S. It is a four-year liberal arts college that confers two-year associate as well as bachelor's degrees. The campus is on a hilltop in a rural region of northern West Virginia that is near the metropolitan areas of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Steubenville, Ohio; and Wheeling, West Virginia.

Ahvaz

2005-02-19T17:48:00.000-08:00

Arabic Ahwaz, town, southwestern Iran. Ahvaz is situated on both banks of the Karun River where it crosses a low range of sandstone hills. The town has been identified with Achaemenid Tareiana, a river crossing on the royal road connecting Susa, Persepolis, and Pasargadae. Ardashir I, the Sasanian king (224–241) who rebuilt the town, named it Hormuzd Ardashir. He dammed the river, providing irrigation

Arnold Of Brescia

2005-02-18T15:36:00.000-08:00

Italian Arnaldo da Brescia radical religious reformer noted for his outspoken criticism of clerical wealth and corruption and for his strenuous opposition to the temporal power of the popes. He was prior of the monastery at Brescia, where in 1137 he participated in a popular revolt against the government of

Tyrrell, Sir James

2005-02-18T13:58:00.000-08:00

Tyrrell fought on the Yorkist side in their victory over the Lancastrians at Tewkesbury

Pavlova, Anna

2005-02-18T11:54:00.000-08:00

Pavlova studied at the Imperial School of Ballet at the Mariinsky Theatre from 1891, joined the Imperial Ballet in 1899, and became a prima ballerina in 1906. In 1909 she went to Paris on the historic tour of the Ballets Russes. After 1913 she danced independently with her own

Daudet, Alphonse

2005-02-17T07:34:00.000-08:00

French short-story writer and novelist, now remembered chiefly as the author of sentimental tales of provincial life in the south of France.

Man

2005-02-16T14:33:00.000-08:00

Town, western Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast). The town is situated along the Ko River, in a mountainous area (Massif de Man) on the eastern edge of the Nimba Range. There are iron-ore reserves in the mountains east of Man. The chief trade centre (rice, cassava, livestock, and palm oil and kernels) for a forested region mainly inhabited by the Dan and the Ngere (or Guere) and Wobe peoples,

Pius Vi

2005-02-16T00:20:00.000-08:00

He held various papal administrative positions before being ordained priest in 1758. Progressing rapidly, he became treasurer of the apostolic chamber under Pope Clement XIII in 1766, and in 1773 was made cardinal by Pope Clement XIV, after whose death a four-month

Habakkuk, The Book Of

2005-02-15T10:12:00.000-08:00

It is difficult to fix the date of the book, but the mention of the Chaldeans as Yahweh's agent (1:6) suggests the period

Spadebill

2005-02-15T09:34:00.000-08:00

Any of six species of New World flycatchers (family Tyrannidae, order Passeriformes) whose triangular bill is very broad and flat. The white-throated, or stub-tailed, spadebill (Platyrinchus mystaceus), scarcely 10 centimetres (4 inches) long, is the most widespread species; it inhabits forest undergrowth from southern Mexico to Argentina in southern South America.

Zamia

2005-02-15T03:25:00.000-08:00

A genus of 30 or more species of cycads (family Cycadaceae), small, stocky, fern-like plants native to tropical and subtropical America. They have a turniplike, mostly underground stem that in some species reaches 3 m (10 feet) or more in height. A starchy food is obtained from the crushed roots and stems of certain species, among them coontie, or comfortroot (Z. floridana), found in

Astrogeology

2005-02-14T01:13:00.000-08:00

Scientific discipline concerned with the geological aspects of all solid bodies in the solar system, including the major planets and their satellites, asteroids, comets, and meteorites. Astrogeological research extends to those terrestrial features produced by the latter—namely, meteorite craters and tektites (small glassy objects resulting from meteorite

Mihrab

2005-02-13T19:35:00.000-08:00

Arabic mihrab prayer niche in the qiblah wall (that facing Mecca) of a mosque; mihrabs vary in size but are usually ornately decorated. The mihrab originated in the reign of the Umayyad prince al-Walid I (705–715), during which time the famous mosques at Medina, Jerusalem, and Damascus were built. The structure was adapted from the prayer niches common to the oratories of Coptic Christian monks.

Amphibious Vehicle

2005-02-13T17:59:00.000-08:00

Device for transporting personnel and equipment, usually military, that can operate as a wheeled or tracked vehicle on land and as a boat in water. Two principal types appeared during World War II: the LVT (“landing vehicle, tracked”), a tractor developed for the U.S. Marine Corps, and the “duck” (DUKW), an army-sponsored vehicle. The LVT resembled a tank, whereas the duck moved on

Earthshine

2005-02-13T11:31:00.000-08:00

At this time an observer on the Moon would see the Earth as a bright body, four times the diameter of the Moon as seen from Earth, almost completely illuminated

World Affairs, Dues.

2005-02-12T01:25:00.000-08:00

On December 22, the UN tentatively agreed to the U.S. figures on dues after Ted Turner, founder of the Cable News Network and a Time Warner vice-chairman, offered to pay the $34 million shortfall for the year 2001 created by reducing the U.S. share of the UN administrative budget from 25% to 22% and its share of the peacekeeping budget from 31% to about 27%. The U.S. indebtedness to the UN stood at $1.3 billion

North Germanic Languages, Morphology

2005-02-11T07:38:00.000-08:00

Old Scandinavian had a declensional system with four cases (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive) and two numbers. The actual form of the inflections depended on the stem class of the noun or the adjective. Verbs were inflected for tense and mood, person and number. This system is preserved in Icelandic. In Faroese, the declensions have been simplified, and only three

Genée, Dame Adeline

2005-02-11T02:06:00.000-08:00

At eight she was adopted by her aunt and uncle, the dancers who trained her for the ballet. Her early appearances were in Germany. From 1897 until 1907 she was prima ballerina at the Empire Theatre in London.

Christophe, Henry

2005-02-10T20:38:00.000-08:00

The facts of Christophe's early life are questionable and confused. An official document issued on his own order gives the birth date and birthplace

Nastase, Ilie

2005-02-10T03:40:00.000-08:00

A Davis Cup player since 1966, Nastase almost single-handedly powered Romania to the finals in 1969, 1971, and 1972, although the United States won each time. The most heartbreaking

Aesthetics, Representation and expression in art

2005-02-10T01:45:00.000-08:00

Various theories have been proposed in answer to these questions, the most popular being that the forms of art are similar to language and are to be understood as language is understood, in terms of conventions and semantic rules. A few examples of contemporary theories that have described art in this way include Ernst Cassirer's philosophy of symbolic forms, Susanne

Epic Formula

2005-02-10T01:12:00.000-08:00

Convention of language and theme peculiar to oral epic poetry that is often carried over to the written form. The most obvious epic formulas are the “fixed epithets,” stereotyped descriptive phrases that can be varied in different places in the poetic line to suit the demands of the metre. These stock expressions have the twofold function of lightening the oral poet's

Clay Mineral, Kaolin-serpentine group

2005-02-09T10:52:00.000-08:00

Minerals of this groups are 1:1 layer silicates. Their basic unit of structure consists of tetrahedral and octahedral sheets in which the anions at the exposed surface of the octahedral sheet are hydroxyls (see Figure 4). The general structural formula may be expressed by Y2 - 3Z2O5(OH)4, where Y are cations in the octahedral sheet such as Al3+ and Fe3+ for dioctahedral species and Mg2+,

Cividale Del Friuli

2005-02-08T06:36:00.000-08:00

Town, Udine province, Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, northeastern Italy, on the Natisone River just northeast of Udine city. Founded in Roman times as Forum Julii, perhaps by Julius Caesar, it gave its name to, and was the capital of, Friuli, the first Lombard duchy formed in Italy. From 730 to 1238 it was the residence of the patriarchs of Aquileia. It fell to Venice with the rest of

Price, Vincent

2005-02-07T07:35:00.000-08:00

Price was the son of the owner of the National Candy Company and the grandson of the inventor of baking powder. He graduated from Yale University in 1933 and spent a year as a schoolteacher before, as Price himself put it, “I had the extraordinary experience

Sashimi

2005-02-07T07:11:00.000-08:00

Specialty of Japanese cuisine, fresh fish served raw. The fish, which must be utterly fresh, is sliced paper thin or alternately one-quarter to one-half inch (0.75–1.5 centimetres) thick, cubed, or cut in strips, according to the nature of the fish. The sashimi is accompanied by wasabi (green horseradish paste) and soy sauce. Sashimi is always part of a formal Japanese meal, served early

Houbraken, Jacobus

2005-02-06T22:29:00.000-08:00

The leading portrait engraver in 18th-century Holland. The son of the painter and art writer Arnold Houbraken, he settled in Amsterdam in 1707, and during his lifetime he engraved 400 portraits after paintings by contemporary Dutch painters.

Xerox Parc

2005-02-06T17:32:00.000-08:00

Xerox had invented and dominated the paper copier market since 1948, but with the accession of C. Peter McColough as president in 1966 the company began to explore options for diversifying its business. In 1969 the director of research, Jack Goldman, produced a plan to establish an “Advanced Scientific & Systems Laboratory” to develop future technologies. The laboratory was not

Adam And Eve, Life Of

2005-02-06T04:41:00.000-08:00

Pseudepigraphal work (a noncanonical writing that in style and content resembles authentic biblical works), one of many Jewish and Christian stories that embellish the account of Adam and Eve as given in the biblical Genesis. Biography was an extremely popular literary genre during the late Hellenistic period of Judaism (3rd century BC to 3rd century AD), and legends of

QuickCushion

Dr Hauschka Natural Cosmetics

China, Urban socialist changes

Race, Immigration and the racial worldview

Xenophon

Deep-sea Trench

Dissociation

Puffin

Silhouette

Babylonian Talmud

Armenian Chant

Stage Design, Classical theatrical costume

Waterford

Albany

Tarasco

Mashonaland

Sabah, Sheikh Jabir Al-ahmad Al-jabir As-

Ambrym

Leonard, Sugar Ray

Childhood Disease And Disorder, Respiratory disorders

Heterotrich

Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire

I-n-salah

Caesalpiniaceae

Gadamer, Hans-georg

Reformation

Permafrost, Patterned ground

Arts, Central Asian, The Himalayan peoples

Quilon

Game

Alembert, Jean Le Rond D'

Astoria

Yü Ta-fu

Avestan Language

China, Foreign relations

Alaya-vijñana

Romans, Letter Of Paul To The

Arts, Islamic, Architecture

Pien-tsung-lun

Fabriano

Alaya-vijñana

Van Dyke, Henry

Thomas, Lowell (jackson)

Kaministiquia River

Arts, Central Asian, Siberian tribes

Bearbaiting

Robert Ii

Mahavastu

Taraori, Battles Of

Ataulphus

Armory Show

Solar Calendar

Pereira, Irene Rice

Carloman

Aeschylus, Works

Wiesbaden

Holarctic Region

Rachmaninoff, Sergey

France, History Of, The end of Gaul (c. 400c. 500)

Action Painting

Auburn

Caldecott, Randolph

Haldimand, Sir Frederick

Nord-norge

'imad Ad-dawlah

Albany

Aerospace Industry, Maintenance

East Detroit

Graebner, Fritz

Amphibian

Omaha

Peranakan

West Liberty State College

Ahvaz

Arnold Of Brescia

Tyrrell, Sir James

Pavlova, Anna

Daudet, Alphonse

Man

Pius Vi

France, History Of, The end of Gaul (c. 400c. 500)